Glossary

Glossary of terms

Definitions of healthcare, legal and technology terms used throughout Heltio.

C

Clinic data separation

The principle by which one application serves many clinics and each one sees only its own data. The clinic is the unit of separation — patients, appointments, invoices and settings belong to the clinic, not to the person who entered them.

Clinic role

The permission level assigned to a person within one specific clinic. It decides what that person sees and what they can change. The same person can hold a different role in every clinic they belong to — the role belongs to the person–clinic pair, not to the account.

D

DASH

A questionnaire that measures the function of the upper limb as a whole — shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand at once. It deliberately does not separate the source of the problem, because from the patient's point of view all of those complaints restrict the same everyday activity.

DPA

Data processing agreement — a written contract between the data controller and the party that processes personal data on the controller's behalf. Article 28(3) GDPR requires it unconditionally: without it, personal data may not be entrusted to anyone outside the organisation.

DPO

Data Protection Officer — the person who watches over whether an organisation processes data in line with the GDPR. They advise, monitor, deal with the supervisory authority and act as the contact point for patients. They must act independently and may not be penalised for performing the function.

DSR

Data subject request — a demand addressed to the controller in which a patient invokes one of their GDPR rights. It needs no particular form: what counts is the substance of the demand, not what the letter is called.

E

EDM

Electronic Medical Documentation — clinical documents kept and exchanged electronically in an agreed format, indexed in P1 so that another healthcare provider can retrieve them with the patient's consent. The catalogue of EDM document types is closed and set out in legislation.

F

Fiscal receipt

A sales document printed from a cash register for a transaction with a private individual who is not running a business. It differs from an invoice in the legal basis for issuing it, the range of buyer details it carries, and the fact that it is created immediately, at the moment of payment.

G

GDPR

Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of personal data, applicable since 25 May 2018. It applies directly in every EU member state; in Poland it is supplemented by the Personal Data Protection Act of 10 May 2018.

I

ICD-10

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision. Every diagnosis has a code: a chapter letter, two digits, optionally a dot and a refining digit. In Poland it is used for statutory reporting, National Health Fund settlement and reporting medical events to P1.

IKP (Patient Internet Account)

A free service run by the Polish e-Health Centre at pacjent.gov.pl, where a patient sees in one place their e-prescriptions, e-referrals, sick notes, medical events and medical documents from every provider that reported them.

J

JPK (Standard Audit File)

A standardised format for handing accounting data to the Polish tax administration — either on a cycle (JPK_V7 together with the VAT return) or on demand from the tax office. Introduced in 2016 so that one format would replace many separate audit reports.

JPK_FA

The variant of the Standard Audit File that carries sales-invoice data, handed to the tax office on demand — usually during an audit. Heltio does not generate JPK_FA. An earlier version of this entry claimed otherwise and was wrong.

K

KOOS

A questionnaire that assesses the knee — pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sport and quality of life. Created for patients after knee injury and with osteoarthritis, as an extension of the older WOMAC questionnaire.

KSeF

The Polish National e-Invoice System — the Ministry of Finance's central repository that receives every structured invoice. An invoice gets its own number there, and the buyer can retrieve it themselves, without asking the clinic for a duplicate.

N

NIP

The Polish Tax Identification Number — a ten-digit identifier issued to any entity running a business. Every clinic has one, whatever its legal form: sole trader, company or healthcare entity.

NPS

Net Promoter Score — an industry loyalty metric computed from a single 0–10 question: the share of people who answered 9–10 minus the share who answered 0–6. Heltio does not use NPS. An earlier version of this entry described NPS surveys that do not exist in the product.

NRS / NPRS

The numeric pain rating scale — the patient states pain intensity as a number from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable). The simplest and most widely used pain assessment tool. In the Heltio catalogue the scale is called NPRS.

O

ODI

Oswestry Disability Index — a questionnaire measuring how far low back pain restricts everyday life. Ten sections with six answers each, the result reported as a percentage of disability. The most widely used tool of its class in the world.

Online fiscal cash register

A cash register with a permanent connection to the Ministry of Finance's Central Register of Cash Registers, forwarding receipt data as it happens. The third generation of registers in Poland — after registers with an electronic copy and registers with no connectivity.

P

P1

The e-Health Platform run by the Polish e-Health Centre — the national system through which e-prescriptions, e-referrals, the medical events registry and medical documentation exchange all pass. It is from P1 that a patient views their treatment history in the Patient Internet Account.

PESEL

The eleven-digit number identifying a person registered in Poland. It has the date of birth, sex and a check digit encoded in it. In healthcare it is the primary patient identifier — without it you cannot report a service to P1.

PKE

The Polish Electronic Communications Law of 12 July 2024, which regulates, among other things, the sending of marketing by electronic means. The rule is simple: before you send an advertisement by e-mail, SMS, push notification or phone, you must have the recipient's consent.

PKWiU

The Polish Classification of Goods and Services — a statistical classification maintained by Statistics Poland that tax legislation refers to. It is what settles whether a service is exempt from VAT or taxable, and at which rate.

Przelewy24

A Polish online payment operator that gathers BLIK, cards, fast bank transfers and mobile payments in one place. In Heltio it is the only online payment operator — there is no alternative provider to choose from.

R

REGON

The number in the statistical register maintained by Statistics Poland. An entity gets a nine-digit number, its branch or subsidiary a fourteen-digit one. It mostly serves statutory reporting, but in healthcare it turns up in official documents.

ROM (range of motion)

The range of motion in a joint, measured in degrees. A distinction is drawn between active range, which the patient achieves alone, and passive range, achieved with the therapist's help. The gap between the two speaks of muscle weakness or of pain limiting the movement.

RPWDL

The Register of Entities Performing Medical Activity — the public register in which every healthcare entity and every professional practice in Poland must be entered. The entry is a condition of lawfully carrying out medical activity, not a formality settled afterwards.

S

SOAP

A clinical note structure that splits the note into four parts matching the successive steps of clinical reasoning: what the patient says, what you see and measure, how you interpret it and what you do next. The documentation standard in physiotherapy, osteopathy and general medicine.

Z

ZM (Medical Event)

A single service provided to a patient, reported to the P1 platform. It carries the patient, provider, place and service-type details. Reporting has been mandatory for healthcare entities since 1 July 2021.